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Deforestation: Causes and Implications
At the close of the twentieth century, the world finds itself undergoing the most rapid and complete deforestation it has ever experienced under the human hand. Since 1950, a fifth of the world’s forest cover has been removed. At least 55% of the world’s 30 to 40 million hectares of rare but incredibly productive temperate rainforest has been logged or otherwise cleared. Current rates of loss for rainforests and other ecosystems are over 20 million hectares a year, 40 hectares a minute. According to reports by World Resources Institute (WRI) and Rainforest Alliance, tropical forests account for 80% of that loss. An area almost the size of Washington State is destroyed each year, and at current rates, tropical forests will be reduced by almost half from existing levels in the next 45 years. The problem is not limited to the tropics. Temperate and Boreal forests in the US, Canada, Asia, and Europe are similarly threatened. WRI reports that in Canada alone, over 200,000 hectares of forest are destroyed each year, close to one hectare every two minutes. In Siberia, over 3 million hectares of boreal forests are lost annually through logging operations. In many areas, loss of old-growth forests is an issue. In the contiguous United States, less than 10% of the old-growth temperate rainforests survive. Much of the original forestland in the United States has been replaced by agricultural lands, second-growth forests, plantations, and development. In British Columbia, only one of 25 large coastal watersheds has wholly escaped logging.
What is a Forest?
A forest is a natural, self-sustaining community characterized by vertical structure created by the presence of trees. Trees are large, generally single-stemmed, woody plants. Forests can exist in many different regions under a wide range of conditions, but all true forests share these physical characteristics.
Because a forest is a natural community, no forest is static in time. That is, because forest communities respond to outside, or edaphic, influences, most forests are in a state of constant flux. Depending upon the systems within which forest communities exist, such factors might include rainfall, fire, wind, glaciation, seismic activity, flooding, animal activity, insulation, and so on. At any time, a forest is the collection of past responses to edaphic influences and internal competitive interactions. Therefore, the present status of any forest, indeed of any natural community, reflects what has gone on before.
Any discussion of forests must recognize the inherently dynamic nature of forest communities, and must acknowledge that, while defined by the presence of trees, forests consist of much more — animals, plants, water, soil, time, gases, fungi, bacteria, and people — and are always greater than the sum of their parts.
Human Interactions with Forests
Humans are indisputably a part of most forests. With the exception of extremely inaccessible forestlands, such as those found atop the Tepuis of southern Venezuela and northern Brazil, all forests present on Earth today have been influenced by human beings for tens of thousands of years. In many cases, extant forest communities have never been without the influence of human activities. Present-day North Temperate and Taiga forest communities, for example, developed during the Holocene as the latest continental glaciers receded. During this same period, human populations were moving northward with the developing ecosystems, and were an integral part of these communities right from their inception.
Because of the widespread nature of human activity in forests, it is tempting to think of human endeavor as one more edaphic factor influencing forest development. This approach is misleading, however, since it denies the role of self-awareness in human activity. Because human beings can understand cause and effect, and because we have amassed an increasingly deep body of knowledge about forest processes over the past ten millennia, human influences simply cannot be likened to the blind forces of nature.
Since prehistory, human beings have realized benefits from forested lands in the form of spiritual values, medicines, shelter, food, materials, fuel and more. Often, humans have sought to manipulate natural processes so as to compel forest systems to produce more of the goods and services desired by people. Examples range from culturally modified trees and edge habitat maintained by the Haida and others in west-coastal North America to Pre-Colombian enrichment planting of Brazil nut trees in the Amazon to traditional coppice management in the English lowlands. At times, human management has become so intensive as to become the primary set of factors under which the forest system operates. Such systems move towards the near total human control found in agricultural systems and cannot be thought of as forests in any natural sense, although they may continue to resemble forests superficially.
Wood Extraction
One of the forest products most important to human economies has always been wood — lignified plant material. Wood is a durable, light-weight, easily worked, waterproof material and fiber source. It is also a safely handled and easily stored fuel. For these reasons, wood has always been a primary forest product for human populations, and wood and its derivatives have always been the primary forest products for industrial interests.
Since wood is an important structural component of any forest, its removal has immediate implications for forest health. Light extraction can be negligible, but intensive harvests can lead to severe degradation, even beyond a forest’s capacity to recover. Of course, the specific levels of wood removal that can be tolerated by a forest depend on many factors, including the type of forest involved, the harvesting methods used, the weather, and so on.
Economic Basis for the Loss of Primary Forest
Because the products derived from wood have been important to many civilizations, and because wood has therefore acquired value within these civilizations, there has always existed a powerful incentive for individuals to capture the wood value of old growth timber. The extraction of such wood requires little investment and the wood is usually of high value. In contrast, the production of wood in plantations or woodlots requires added investment — at the very least, the landowner must incur the opportunity cost of holding the land under trees rather than converting it to some other use. Thus, whenever old growth timber has been accessible to exploitation, it has been cut. Additionally, during periods of rapid growth by agrarian populations, agricultural land is in great demand, thus rendering the value of cleared land greater than the value of forestland realizable by an individual. This, too, promotes the clearing of natural forest.
The result has been a steady loss of natural forest as civilizations have expanded outwards. This pattern is evident in the development of ancient civilizations in such diverse regions as China, Europe, India, Africa, Central America, and the Middle East. Similarly, this pattern has been evident on a global scale over the past three centuries as the currently dominant industrial and mercantile civilization has grown.
Locally, the effects of deforestation are well-known. Removal of forest cover leads directly to a loss of animal habitat, and thus a decline in animal diversity and abundance, a loss of watershed moderation, and thus increased spring runoff coupled with summer drought, soil destabilization, which can culminate in large-scale erosion and land slips, a reduction in local microclimate attenuation, and thus hotter summers and days and cooler nights and winters, and a drying of the forest, and thus an increased risk of fire. These impacts contribute directly to a decline in the well-being of human populations in deforested areas, whether or not their primary livelihoods are forest-based. These impacts of local or regional deforestation have been noted repeatedly as human civilizations have spread around the globe, but today they have acquired a new dimension.
Three Unintended Impacts of Deforestation
Today the scale of deforestation is such that the “externalities” — the unintended and uncompensated consequences of forest removal — have gone far beyond localized effects such as erosion and fire risk. Today, the effects of primary forest logging are global. The major unintended effects associated with global deforestation are loss of cultural diversity, biological and genetic diversity, and carbon storage capacity.
1. Loss of Cultural Diversity
The world’s forests, particularly the tropical rainforests, are home to over 10 million members of the last surviving intimately resource-based cultures. Forest dwellers around the world have lived with this resource for millennia, yet today it is often literally stolen from them by governments and industries intent on turning natural capital into hard currency. There have been more extinctions of tribal peoples in this century than any other, with Brazil losing 87 tribes between 1900 and 1950. Even in the rare cases when forest dwellers are compensated for this loss, the changes visited upon their cultures by the inexorable expansion of industrial culture are devastating. As cultures around the world become more and more alike, the destruction of each one of these different models is a profound loss in both the richness of the human experience and in the global knowledge base.
A study on the correlation between cultural diversity and biodiversity found that ecoregions consisting of moist tropical forest, the Amazon Basin in particular, are not only the most species rich, but also support the largest number of indigenous populations (over two-thirds of all those found in Latin America). In this study, biodiversity was a measurement not only of species diversity, but also of biological utility, in the form of carbon storage and the development of genetically diverse ecosystems.
Pressure to join the consumer driven, cash-based economy often leads indigenous societies to sell their natural resources so as to have access to the products of this economic system. Such decisions are rarely made in light of full knowledge of the economic values, costs, and benefits involved because such groups almost never have access to the information sources available to those with whom they trade.
2. Loss of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the level of difference among living things. It is important to the biological health of the planet and therefore to the human race because diversity contributes to resiliency. Because most ecosystems persist in dynamic equilibrium, a diverse community is more likely to be robust and to withstand large scale disturbances. A world without diversity would be fragile and likely to amplify disturbance into catastrophe through the collapse of ecosystems that had lost “keystone” species — species that form crucial links in a system’s equilibrium. Thus, anthropogenic biodiversity reduction, combined with anthropogenic climate change, has the potential to spin out of control and to threaten the prosperity of global civilization.
Additionally, biodiversity is important because it represents the scope of nature’s richness. Throughout human history, this richness has contributed to the well-being of humanity by providing food, materials, and medicines. Even the dominant industrial culture draws many of its most basic supplies from this biological storehouse. All of our foods have been made possible by biological diversity and many of our most basic medicines, such as aspirin, are derived directly from naturally occurring compounds. It would be foolish to imagine that our dependence on this fount of useful diversity has passed, and that the human race can now provide for itself independent of the natural world.
Biodiversity happens to be greatest in the world’s primary tropical rainforests. Destruction or fragmentation of these forests therefore contributes directly to a reduction in global biodiversity. Because many rainforest plants and animals have extremely limited ranges, operations as small as a single timber extraction can damage global
Already the scale of biodiversity disruption engendered by the present generation of human activities ranks with the great prehistoric extinctions. Recovery from this level of disturbance will require tens of millions of years.
3. Loss of Carbon Storage Capacity
The earth’s atmosphere is an elaborate and delicately balanced cycle of gasses that protects and makes possible life on Earth. Among the gasses present in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide, a gas that contributes an insulating capacity to the atmosphere and moderates heat loss to outer space. Such gasses are called “greenhouse” gasses because their function is much like that of the glass in a greenhouse: they allow solar heat into the system, but discourage its escape. Thus, additional greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere lead to increased temperatures on the surface of the Earth. Increased temperatures have important implications for weather patterns, sea levels, and other natural cycles that directly influence human life on Earth.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is linked to the biological processes on Earth through a complicated series of interactions. Essentially, increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is moderated by plant growth, and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by processes of decay. Today, the world is experiencing a rapid increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to the release of carbon dioxide through the burning of fossil fuels. This carbon was removed from the atmospheric cycle during the Carboniferous period, over 300 million years ago, when vast amounts of plant material were buried. The anthropogenic reintroduction of this carbon into the atmosphere is leading to global climate change.
The only ways in which carbon is removed from this cycle at present are through the growth of woody plant material or through the growth of coral reefs. Wood is a carbon sink that can keep carbon out of circulation for up to several centuries, while coral is more permanent. Thus, the world’s forests represent one of the largest carbon storage mechanisms in the global carbon cycle. When forest is destroyed, not only is this carbon storage capacity lost, but additional carbon is released into the atmosphere through decay and burning — indeed, some 15% of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere during the 1980s can be attributed to the destruction of tropical forests alone.
International Treaties and a Changing Attitude
Today, both biodiversity loss and global warming have become such clear dangers to our biosphere that they have both been addressed by international treaties. These include the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Additionally, the loss of cultural diversity associated with global deforestation has been addressed by Chapter 26 of Agenda 21 of the UNCED (the 1992 Rio Conference). These treaties are the most visible manifestation of a growing recognition and acceptance of the mounting costs of deforestation — costs so high that they threaten the future of human civilization.
Nevertheless, from a timber extractor’s point of view, it would be foolish to pass up the opportunity to get something for nothing that is represented by primary forest logging. The returns are enormous, often in excess of 50%, and the risk is small. However, the writing is on the wall — consumer awareness and concern is growing, and this is beginning to be reflected in wood product trade statistics. Austria’s 1992 Tropical Timber Labeling Act was one of the first demand-side attempts to place limits on rainforest destruction associated with logging. The 1990s have seen several other initiatives begin, and a groundswell towards sustainability certification has brought these issues to the fore in the logging industry. In a very few cases, industrial concerns are beginning to negotiate in good faith with the indigenous stewards of the land. Furthermore, wood product conservation and recycling is growing rapidly around the world, and alternative fiber sources are poised to emerge.
However, the momentum established by these initiatives is still very small in comparison with the potential for windfall profits in the mining of primary forests. Where significant improvements have been realized, they have usually been the result of substantial external pressure exerted on industry by private citizens, consumers, and governments. This relationship has been overwhelmingly antagonistic, and a great deal of effort has been expended on all sides to compel or resist changes to the status quo.
While the globalization of markets makes available new pools of consumers for products from around the world, it also makes corporations, if not more responsible, at least more susceptible to the demands of the diverse interests of these consumers. At this juncture, it behooves any large wood product interest, be it a corporation, a government, or a consumer, to take a long, hard look at its role in global deforestation. Now is the time for forward-looking actors to seize the initiative and help usher in a more sustainable millennium. The stage is set for thoughtful corporations to accept a new, less antagonistic role in dealing with natural resource use. The companies that do this will gain substantial first-mover advantages in the move to a sustainable society, and will help bring about the changes that will make ecological and economic sustainability compatible.
CommentThis was a good website but not what i was looken for
CommentThat was the most silly comment ever. Very imformative website.
CommentI found the article to be very interesting.
CommentGood pictures are missing. Information is right on the money!
CommentExcellent Work on the artile, lays the plain truth for all the poeple to see
CommentSolutions...? Where are the solutions?
CommentNo solutions other wise no complaints I guess.
Add solutions
CommentThanks for the great info on causes of deforestation. Very helpful!
PS to previous commentators:
~Don't post comments that r stupid and unnecessary...idiots
CommentThis website did not help with any solutions....
CommentThe site needs solutions.
Comment#1 You have no solutions #2 you need to put a name down so that i can put the authors name on my bibliography #3 you also need the editor #4you need the name of the sponsoring institution or organization
CommentIt definitely needs some solutions.
CommentI find the deplorable grammar, lack of proper punctuation, and frequent misspelling in most of these postings discouraging.
However, at least they are looking at this webpage--an encouraging sign.
CommentPlease add some specific solutions to this website
CommentI THINK MORE RESEARCH SHOULD BE DONE CAUSE THE SITE OFFERS NO SOLUTIONS. THE GOAL OF THE SITE SHOULD BE TO PREVENT AND PREVENTION STARTS WITH KNOWLEDGE OF SOLUTIONS. i DO THINK ITS GREAT THAT YOU MADE A SITE ON THIS ISSUE THAT IS TOO COMMONLY OVERLOOKED.
Commenti really want to save the forest as forests are very special and meaningfull to us. try to save trees and recycle paper.
CommentThe purpose if this website is to lay out the immeadiate causes of deforestation. I found it very helpful to my research. The information on this site is very helpful, though if you have no solutions you should not input "solutions" in your title.
~To those looking for solutions, stop complaining and look somewhere else. Why comment if u cant find what your looking for?
CommentNO DAMN SOLUTIONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Where the Heck are the solutions it said there were going to be and who are you coz i need to put it into my bibliography
CommentI need solutions to help me do my project. It has give me facts about it is in danger but IT HAS NO SOLUTIONS!!
Commentyes this website needs solutions as it has been stated in nearly all the comments above
CommentIT NEEDS SOLUTIONS
CommentWHERE R THE SOLUTIONSZZ???!!!!!!! zzz..
CommentYour information is good but i was eager to see detailed examples for me to cite in my essays.
CommentI wish to learn more about what happened to our environment b/c of deforestation. I have essays to finish & need more information regarding how governments deal w/deforestation.
CommentIs there any possible solutions about the environmental calamities w/c leads us into trouble?
Whats the solutions that the government do in order to save lives here on earth?
CommentBit disappointed not to any solutions, perhaps you guys need to look into your web site more
CommentSolutions please. Need for project.
Commentthere are no solutions given,was doing a project on deforestation n got stuck coz cldnt find solutions.
Commentwhy does it matter how gramatically correct our comments are? surely we are talking about the website? i thought the website was very good and clearly stated the large scale implications of destroying the rainforest.
CommentThough some important causes for deforestation are not included, the article is quite informative. One reader was correct in saying that this article should delete solution in its title in order to avoid misleading the readers.
CommentWhat are the societal implications of deforestation
CommentNOWHERE in the article, nor in its title does it say "Solutions," so why are you looking so desperately for them here when there's nothing that should make you think that you'll find them here? This article is meant to spark discussion and critical thinking, to help us develop solutions as a community. There are no solutions presented because as a society, we have not yet come up with truly feasible solutions that are acceptable to the majority--the point of this article is to prod us to begin working on solutions, not to spoon feed them to us. There are lots of places that present generic "solutions", but for various reasons, those "solutions" aren't feasible, though for the purposes of writing a report, or for starting a discussion, they're fine, but this article isn't about that--read the title "Causes and Implications" NOT "Causes, Implications and Solutions."
CommentNeed the solutions...solutions??? i need them for a project
CommentLook somewhere else if you want bloody solutions!
CommentNo solutions!!!!!!! Why put it in the title if there is none?!?!? Take notice of these comments and add some solutions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CommentWhatever has a cause needs a solution. Please, your solution is my upper-most need.
CommentNot bad but needs solutions!
CommentSolutions?
Commentyes, very nice. just the solutions bit.
CommentUh, when you search it on google it says "...causes, implictations, and solutions.."
CommentWonderfully Informative, You do need solutions though.
Commenti need more implications!!
CommentThis sight is the most intelligent site of such studies. Great job!
P.S. You might really consider putting down solutions as you can see or read by these really harsh comments.
CommentI am really immpressed with it, so i don't have words to express my deep appreciation for your article!! Ifpossibe, please send other related articles with the solutions.
CommentGood site but needs solutions. I guess you figured that out by now.
CommentI love this site. Anonymo (Anonymous@whatever.com)
CommentMake it more better for us, students
CommentSolutions?????????? Whats going on? everyone is complaining about the need for solutions but you're not doing anything about it!!!!!
Commentgood site but you need solutions and make it easier to understand for us students doing assignments
Commentsome damn soloutions! heavens sake!!!!
CommentThe site is good but it needs solution. To make sence of everything.
CommentThis was a very informative article. I used several ideas and a direct quote in my research paper with proper source citations. Please inform us of the author so we may give credit where credit is due.
Commentthis was a good website but it had no solutions which is stupid if your looking for the problems and then the solution to solve the problems.
CommentThis was a graet help for my assignment but it would have been good if there was at least a paragrah on soluions to this problem.
CommentGood! Okay! But lacks pictures.
Commentno solutions. where can i find some?????????
CommentPlease tell me where are the solutions?
CommentI think these comments are really interesting and agree that more solutions are needed.
CommentYou seem to beat around the bush and should get more to the point.
CommentThis site does not pose solutions to this problem...nowhere does it and that is a problem...you address the fact of deforestation but offer no solutions to it.
CommentNO SOLUTIONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Commentthank you very much this paper helped me very much for my huge presentation.
Commentunnecessary topics have been added. no solutions. please add solutions.
Commentsome of its part is good rest is hopeless!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Commentinformative article, generally ok, but could also do with more explanation, it's not exactly very hopeless though..
Commentits very helpful to prepare a paper on deforestation
excellent report
very very thanks
Commentgood
its good to include more explanations
anyway i congratulate
CommentHe!!!!!!!Where r the S....O....L....U....T.....I.....O.....N....S.....?????????
I didn't expect this .
Make it more attractive with more pictures & solutions 4 deforestation.
PlZ hElP
CommentWHAT ABOUT THE SOLUTIONS???
SAYS SOLUTION ON GOOGLE AND THEN NOTHING!!
nO PICTURES NEITHER!
VERY DECEIVED...=(
Commentwell it had very good info... but where are come possible solutions, and you can also add some really good pictures to make look better!!!!!!!
CommentWHERE R THE SOLUTIONS!!! c'mon u guys!! solutions are the answer to deforestation. if u add solutions the site would be more vistited by people. C'MON U GUYS SOLUTIONS!! Pleez!
good info though...
CommentI think this site is very useful in my research, but it would be more helpful with the use of graphs and charts to help explain the data. I was looking forward to seeing the possible solutions in this report, but was very disappointed when I found none.
As for the rest of the commentators who needed a name for a bibliography I have a piece of information, if the author's name or other information is unavailable, one should simply skip that part and continue with other pieces of data.
Thank you for allowing viewers to input. It shows a sign of maturity in criticism.
CommentYea um just like it has been said a zillion times before....there are no solutions what so ever. Why state that in your title when there is nothing to back it up with. Other than that, great paper!
CommentVery, very in depth site. I too believe forestation is a major problem that must be dealt with. So what if he doesn't have solutions? Isn't it obvious? Think for yourselves people, and maybe work on your grammer and spelling whilst you're at it.
Commentwho cares about solutions....get a life!!!
Commentthis site definitly needs solutions, it did not help out at all
Commentwould anyone know any advantages of logging or deforestation?
Commentmore details plz
Commentyou must prepare this article more informative.
CommentI APPRECIATE YOUR THE WORK DONE .IT IS EXCELLENT BUT WHERE ARE THE PHOTOS OF DEFORESTATION.PHOTOS MAKE US TO UNDERSTAND THE BAD EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION VERY WELL.
CommentThe info is really good, although I need solutions, but really it was ok...
Commentthanks for writing this essay
helped me write my report
CommentYOU NEED SOLUTIONS...NO ONE CAN DO THEIR PROJECTS WITHOUT SOLUTIONS..
Commentcan't u talk in english, i don't uderstand half the stuff it says!!!!!!!!!!!! be precise!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
good but needs solutions!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Commentgood BUT HELLO WHERE ARE THE PROPOSED SOLUTIONS GRRRRRRRRRH
Anyway its cool.
CommentOMG, U R ALL PSYCOTIC. I AM A THERAPIST AND ALL THESE HARSH COMMENTS DO LITTLE FOR THE AUTHORS SELF-ESTEEM. WHY CAN'T ALL YOU NERDS WORK TOGETHER IN A PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE. HOWEVER THIS SITE NEEDS MORE SOLUTIONS
Commentthank you for your time and I'll gladly chain myself to a tree anytime you want me to.
p.s. company would be appriciated. I'll bring the chain I know thats not how you spell appriciated. I KNOW!!!!!
CommentSorry for the earlier comments. they are not pertaining to the original thread. I believe strongly that deforestation is a major problem and it needs to be fixed for lack of a better word. I apologize for disrupting the creative enviromental thinking with my mindless dribble.
CommentFrom the Good church of St. Joseph's, I, sista Mary Clarence am dissappointed in you. These environmental activists are trying to repair the natural paradise what was once Earth for the benefit of all the living organisms in this world. The author of this article has given YOU information to do something about the SOLUTIONS, or lack their of. SHAME ON YOU.
Commentits good to know that there are people who care about the forests. next time avoid using such complicated words that a student cannot understand them...thnks.
Commentfor the friends i haven't met yet,
do help preserve our precious earth. it is our only home. recycle, do not buy ornaments made from animal parts, etc would help even in the smallest detail. love our earth! pls spread the message! or god will punish humans later.
CommentThere is a solution for deforestation.. and that is if all humans would care for our environment. Unfortunately, I doubt that will happen...
CommentEveryone do your part in preserving our forests please. Thanks to this website for trying your best to inform people about deforestation. Effort makes a difference no matter how small. =)
Commentyeah it is a good one, but I was looking for the factors for deforestation like mining, farming etc,.
Commentgood, but it should have methods used for deforestation and their discription and their effects on rainforest
Commentit was good but needs more facts on methods used for deforestatin and describe their effects
Commentsave the treeeeees!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CommentI found this site very useful for the purposes I needed it for.
Previous posters: The site never implicated specific solutions would be listed.
For those of who who wished the content to be geared more specifically you should have looked at the sponser of the site and related artilces. This site is a fotune 500 site and this article is on this site. This article is geared towards fortune 500 readers not just to students needing to do research.
I think that some of you who were disapointed with this article should do a little more studying on how to tell if an article is useful. One rule is to determine the reason the article was written and its purpose.
Oh, and for a biogoraphy you do not have to have a writer or an editor. It can be overlooked especially if the site itself is credible.
CommentIt was good but hard to follow, consider pictures and more paragraphs
Commentthis website is quite good but i was looking for a list of solutions and causes but i was quite impressed with the info
Commentthanks a lot!!!!!! you helped me in my project bro.
Commentvery informative article, I must say. However, not exactly what I was looking for, how about adding some solutions please????
P.S. To the managers of the site: You do update this site right? So why not add the solutions if ALL the commentators ask that?
Please take this option in mind.
Commentthis was a good article but lists no solutions what so ever...
CommentIt is a good website but it should talk more about what it is, what causes it, and how kids can help stop deforestation.
CommentCan i have the solution to desertification??????
Commentthia website would only be complete with the soloutions added to it. your saying hey there's a problem but it needs adressing...so many people are complaing so i say add the bloody things
Commenti agree with iloveyou... u discuss the problem but not the solution?!but on the other hand a gd website but one thing missin is the solution...
Commentno fucking solutions!!
CommentSOLUTION??!!
CommentWOW!!!@45678
Commentgood site but required some fig..
CommentIf feel it will be more useful if you have solutions for deforestation.
Commentwe want to do a speech about deforestation solutions.
if you can give us more information it woould be helpful for us.
goodbye ,,
se you soon :)
Commentthis is the worst web i needed solutions to deforestation it said you had them on google and when i came it didnt this was a waste of my time
Commentthere is no solution! and not all i wanted to work over my project
CommentThere is no best solution to solve the problem of deforestation because what have planted the old years ago is not the same as the one that is replanted today. We all need to protect the old ones because if we cut them down much of the mineral in the soil will be lost while we are replanting
CommentNice website I guess...
PS- OK. If people have been complaining about adding solutions for TWO YEARS and nothing has been done, why don't you shut up and look somewhere else?!?!? idiots...
Commenti think ur work is very interesting, good job! but u could do with some solutions and pros and cons.
CommentYes it was a good site but i guess u know that u need some solutions aye...
CommentYe i reckon quit complaining find solutions some where else.....By the way the site eas good
CommentPlease do put pictures on your website.
Commentto increase the amount of people on toyr site you should get more pictures and also elaborate on what the effects of cutting down trees.
Commentits good, but you need to state the indicators of why deforestation is occuring, eg.poverty. and what does this indicate on a countries behalf?
Commentin case you didn't know, you forgot to offer solutions.
CommentIt one of the best side to find information about the enviroment ......thank guy for you the great job.....
Commentthere was nothing helpful on this site and no solutions!!!
cant beleive you fill half your website with feedback. bad idea!
CommentThis sites really need the solutions...if not this site was not perfect yet......it is better if it have solutions.....
Commentthnks a lot...... you help me to finis my assingment............ hope to get more..............
Commentwhere r the damn solutions i need some solutions to put them on my project where the hell r they????
Commentwhere are the advantages and disdadvantages of deforistation
Commentthe site was no help because there were no disadvantages or advantages of deforestation!
CommentNice content for my speech. Thanks dude who wrote this
Commenti need solutions for my pratical work..pleasee! and in this web side are missing a lot of photos.. but i have to say this is very good information
Commentvery detailed information,but you guys need to stress on advantages and solutions to the topic
Commentthere are no solutions !!!!!
get some i needed then for my essay !!!
and this site didnt have any so i couldnt do what i needed but i found better sites with SOLUTIONS!!!
Commentpeople need to learn how to spell... helpful article
Commentoooooooooo my god IT NEEDS A SOLUTION.!!!!!!!!!!??????????!!!!!!!!!!???!!!zzzzzzzzzzzz.....zzzz!!!??
Commenti needed them for my essay 2
CommentThis site was good but didn't have enough about the effects of deforestation!
Commenti don't get it
Commentok.i'm confused.could you in simpler terms explain the causes and what plays a roll in deforestation? Me as a student, know that many other students us this site. explain it where we could get it better.
thank you.
caili dahn=]
CommentThe articles is good but as everyone gave their comment, the solution should be add in this article because we do need more information for our research, and study. It would be nice if you provide us the link to more useful link.
Thank you.
Rasy
Commentsolutions
Commentnice :)
;))
CommentThis is a good site but there is no solution. Put the solution in when you can.
CommentThis site has no solution. I need it for my Essay. Fix this website.
Please,
All the best
Youre noble guest
PS: It s the best for you, you should follow this comment for it is important
CommentI really agree with the previous comments about solutions. That is what I'm trying to find, and it is proving somewhat difficult.
Thank You
Commentwe need also the solution plssssss.....the cause and effect of deforestation. . and then the solution of it ok..but it help a lot to us about this topic. . .thanks. .
Commentno offense to all the people who go on this site to look for info but if u look at the first comment it is from 2004 and it asks for solutions..if u cant realize it they wont be updating this site
Commentthank u for these website , it really put our environment in edge,
we need solutions in order to save our future.
plz solutions
Commentthanx 4 this website it really helped us in our essay writing.......
peace out
Commentit needs some solutions
CommentI really liked your article. It helped me out a lot, but I really needed some solutions.
Commentthis really helped on my project but i need to know how t ofix it.
Commentthere are pros AND cons for cutting down forests not just CONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CommentGood article.But you should have included some advantages of deforestation as well.
Commenti dont care what all of u "friendly critics" say im in yr 8 this helped a lot with my home work plus it may be informative but at least its easy to understand and true it may need solutions but thats why they said we need info from you solutions from youuu
by a yr 8 studdent
CommentGood job and great design! I love this site!
Commentit's ok la...
but it just need more points about the effect and cause...
i hope this website can be more better...
(i hope so)
CommentThis Was One O f The Most Interesting Website I Have Ever Visited .It Has Great And Relevant Content.Congratulations The Future 500.Keep Up The Good Work!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CommentI think people should learn to appreciate the wonderful information gathered by the futrue 500 and not say dumb thing about it.if they were so smart to give dumb comments why dont they chehck out information on their own website??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
CommentVery nice point of view! Respect!
Commentthis site helps me..huhu
Commentcome on dude!!no solution!!
Commentil hunt u down and kill u
Commentsolutions? think people think!!! this is an example
the issue is that the forests have to be
sustainable. This can be done replanting the trees after they have
been chopped down. This way we won't harm the rainforests because for
every tree we cut we will plant another.
right?
use your head
Future 500's stakeholder engagement methodology is based on feedback and adaptation. In this spirit, we encourage you -- our stakeholders -- to share your ideas below.
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