Archive for the ‘Water’ Category

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Damon brings water to the bottom of the pyramid

December 7th, 2011
Posted by Senior Director, Juliette Terzieff:

Matt Damon may be most well-known for tackling serious roles in blockbusters like Good Will Hunting, Saving Private Ryan and The Departed but this Hollywood leading man has also emerged in recent years as a thought leader within the water sphere. Working with stakeholders across the spectrum Damon is helping to ensure people around the world have access to safe water and sanitation—setting a prime example of the power of multi-stakeholder efforts to provide systemic solutions to some of the world’s most pressing challenges.

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ITU boosts e-waste, climate battle efforts

May 14th, 2011
Posted by Senior Director, Juliette Terzieff:

Stakeholders across the spectrum are responding to predictions of massive growth in e-waste and the detrimental effects discarded electronic devices have in the developing world. Major national and international telecommunications firms, for example, committed to developing the first industry standard universal charger to promote efficiency and aid in the battle against climate change, the United Nation’s International Telecommunications Industry (ITU) announced this week.

The new charger upgrades a 2009 universal battery charging system decision by the ITU that eliminates the need for individual chargers for products sold by different manufacturers. This will eliminate the need for manufacturers to sell chargers with each new phone.

With this week’s decision, the ITU expanded the reach of the universal charger to cover cameras, GPS systems, headphones and other lower-power devices. The new chargers will use faster charging currents to reduce charging tomes, and also feature a detachable cable with standardized connectors to allow data transfer. These additions will reduce the number of cords needed, decrease production energy consumption and ultimately impact the amount of waste generated by the industry. ITU officials expect manufacturers to roll out the chargers –which will be produced with eco-friendly materials – by the billions over the next few years.

“Other standards claim to be universal and energy efficient, but only ITU’s solution is truly universal and a real step forward in addressing environmental and climate change issues,” ITU Secretary-General Hamadoun Toure said after the decision. “This updated standard will bring the benefits of the universal charger to a wider range of devices and consumers… The environmental impact of wide adoption will be enormous.”

Several major industry players have already committed to the new system, including AT&T, France Telecom-Orange, Swisscom, Telecom Italia and the China Academy of Telecommunication Research. The Geneva-based ITU works with 192 governments and over 700 private sector entities to set industry standards.

Buy-in from industry players operating or based in high usage growth regions like Asia and Africa is paramount for the broadest impact. In China, for example, the growth of the middle class over the last decade has catapulted demand for electronics while domestic energy consumption levels have risen dramatically.

The new standard meets requirements of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal –known more commonly as simply the Basel Convention –according to the ITU.

E-waste –the collective name for discarded or scrap electronics like television, cellular telephones, refrigerators and computers –remains a major campaign focal point for influential stakeholders such as Basel Action Network, Greenpeace International and the Campaign for Recycling.

The world produces around 40 billion metric tons of e-waste every year –with hundreds of millions of tons making their way to landfills in places like China, Nigeria and India. The components contain toxins and heavy metals like mercury and lead which leak into nearby soil and water supplies, and endanger the health of impoverished workers picking through landfills for components to sell.

In late 2010, the United Nations released a report with stark warnings about the growth rate of e-waste in developing countries. India will see a 500% growth in the amount of e-waste in its’ landfills over the next decade, while China and South Africa will see 400% increases over their 2007 levels in the next ten years. The bulk of the waste will not originate in those countries but come from abroad, predominantly the U.S.

Multi-stakeholder initiatives in the U.S. and internationally are looking to address the need for better recycling and waste processing. Companies including Samsung, Capital One, Bank of America and the Apollo Group have signed up as Basel Action Network e-Stewards committing to support the group’s rigorous certification process for responsible electronics recycling. In April 2011 the Consumer Electronics Association pledged to triple recycling rates in the U.S. for e-waste by 2016, to equal one billion pounds of electronics annually, through a combination of public education projects, infrastructure building and recycling enhancement. The industry group’s eCycling Leadership Initiative will look to build national recycling standards to enhance different state-level policies.

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Watts, Water and the power of a Billion Chinese Jump

March 28th, 2011

From Pua Mench, Director of Stakeholder Engagement, Asia:

At a recent talk Jonathan Watts, Asia environment correspondent for The Guardian and author of “When a Billion Chinese Jump: How China will Save Mankind – Or Destroy It”, gave disturbing summary of China’s environmental performance – and expressed hope for our collective future.

Watts’ book provides a poignant and informative glimpse into China’s deteriorating environment, from Yunnan Province to Inner Mongolia, which Watts playfully describes as a guide of places not to go. Watts, who is based in Beijing and has spent the past seven years in China, is frank but fair when describing the situation in China. He gives cautious praise to the country’s 12th Five-Year Plan, released in March 14, 2011 and says he is encouraged by the plan, which for the first time ever slightly reduces the pace of economic growth and expands the list of pollution targets. “Government is starting to recognize that there are finite limits on how far you can push the environment,” says Watts. But it remains to be seen whether or not government efforts will improve the situation.

Until a river expedition in search of the Baiji, or Yangtze River Dolphin – one of only five freshwater dolphin species in the world – Watts said he assumed that when mankind wholeheartedly turns his attention to problems he could fix them. The Baiji expedition represented such efforts. Well funded and with cutting edge technology and a leading team of scientists, the journey was forecast to be a success, yet not a single dolphin was found. At the trip’s end a creature that had been on earth for twenty million years was declared functionally extinct, most likely due to environmental stress caused by pollution, river traffic, dams and illegal fishing. Watts regards that story as the most important one he’ll ever write, one that powerfully illustrates the limits of human capability and irreversible and grave consequences of our actions.

In response to the apparent demise of the Baiji, Indian authorities announced plans earlier this year to make extraordinary efforts to save the country’s remaining population of the endangered Ganges river dolphin – of which authorities estimate less than 3,000 remain in the wild. 

Unfortunately, the deeper meaning behind tragedies like the demise of the Baiji is often lost, especially in China where 300 million people live without access to clean water supplies. “Water quality and quantity is by far the biggest concern in China,” says to Watts. Fifty percent of China’s water is not fit for human consumption and another third to a quarter is not fit for any use whatsoever, according to Ministry of Environmental Protection research. Air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions, largely stemming from coal-fired power plants, are also a huge problem in China, which over took the United States in 2007 to become the world’s biggest carbon dioxide emitter. Even with slightly lowered GDP growth targets, the country’s energy demands are set to skyrocket in the coming decades.

As Watts’ colleague Isabel Hilton noted:

The west invented unsustainable living; China has taken it up with enthusiasm.

We are barely three decades in to China’s industrial and consumption revolution. There are still hundreds of millions of poor Chinese who wish to prosper and consume in a country that wastes so much energy that its average per capita carbon emissions already equal those of France. The most worrying thing about the Chinese industrial revolution is not even the appalling damage that Watts meticulously chronicles, but the capacity for more that is still in the system.

“The good news is that government gets it,” says Watts, and is sincere because they are facing severe environmental crises and cannot avoid addressing them. But the solutions that are being put forth are engineered supply side solutions, like the massive South to North Water Transfer Project, which in many ways exhibits the same hubris as the expedition to save the Baiji.

China is now the world’s largest manufacturer of wind turbines and solar panels. Authorities aim for renewable sources to account for 8% of China’s energy supply by 2020. And even with the increase, two-thirds of Chinas’ energy supply will still come from coal (the remaining from nuclear and hydropower sources).

China has made huge investments in the clean tech sector (in fact, it was the country with the highest level of investment in the world in 2009) yet renewables will continue to represent just a fraction of China’s largely coal dominated energy mix.

Such investment and development strategies are ultimately band-aids to the underlying and much bigger problem identified by Watts, Western style consumption habits, which have readily been adopted by the Chinese. More consumption means greater energy and water demands, increased pollution, growing carbon dioxide emissions and fewer and fewer natural resources. “We may be approaching ecological limits to economic growth,” asserts Watts. “We [humans] resemble a swarm of locusts.” Pollution is not the biggest problem, because you can deal with pollution, what you cannot deal with is mankind’s widening appetite for “stuff” which is pushing the environment to its limits.

One of the constant arguments put forth by developing countries, particularly in relation to carbon emissions, is that they should be allowed to grow their economies without restrictions, just as developed countries did—the “develop now and clean up later” model. But this logic loses sight of the fact that we share one planet and finite resources. There may come a point in time at which the environment simply cannot support global consumption patterns. China, home to 1.3 billion people and “the world’s factory” is reaching that point. The extinction of the 20 million year old Baiji should serve as a cautionary tale of what happens when you push the environment beyond its healthy limits.

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What’s your water footprint?

November 30th, 2010

Posted by Pua Mench, Future 500 Manager for Stakeholder Engagement – Asia

In October I was fortunate to attend a Water Footprint Network (WFN) training course in Beijing, co-hosted by the Beijing Forestry University. I went for many reasons, not least of which is that it’s well documented that we are already facing a global water crisis. I truly believe water will be the environmental issue of our lifetime. As WFN’s aptly points out, “Water has a value but not a cost, it is a free good. This is a disincentive for efficient use. We need to have proper incentives to improve water use and decrease pollution.”

It is still early days for WFN, which was established just over two years ago. But the man behind the organization, Professor Arjen Hoekstra, has been hard at work on the water footprint concept since first introducing it in 2002. Hoekstra’s water footprint breaks from more traditional methods of water accounting in that it takes into account not only the direct water use of a consumer or producer, but also at the indirect water use.

Think of it this way—the amount of water you consumed this morning came not only from showering, brushing your teeth, using water to make a pot of coffee, etc. but also from the amount of water used to produce that coffee that you drank, or even the toothbrush that you used. Considering that the global average water footprint for just one cup of coffee is about 37 gallons, that’s a sizeable water footprint even before stepping out your front door.

On the product side of things, water footprinting is even more revealing, and has huge implications for companies in the business of producing, most anything. In the words of WFN, “The water footprint of a product is the volume of freshwater used to produce the product, measured over the full supply chain [emphasis added].  It is a multi-dimensional indicator, showing water consumption volumes by source and polluted volumes by type of pollution; all components of a total water footprint are specified geographically and temporally.”

According to WFN, many large companies in the beverage sector, for example SABMiller and Coca-cola, have looked at water use in the supply chain. The footprint of a supply chain is much larger than that of operations. Professor Hoekstra notes, “It is a big change for companies to understand this, as well as a big eye-opener.” Traditionally companies have thought about just direct withdrawals, whereas their water footprint has to do with consumptive water use.

I asked Professor Hoekstra if it’s realistic for companies with long and complex supply chains to measure their water footprint. He suggested that large companies should start by identifying a few suppliers with obvious water footprints. “Big companies need to put pressure on their suppliers. For a large company to say that they don’t know who their suppliers are is not an excuse,” said Hoekstra.

In 2009 SABMiller, in cooperation with WFN and World Wide Fund for Nature, became the first company to unveil a detailed corporate water footprint. As with most beverage companies, SABMiller found that the largest part of its water footprint is from crop cultivation, although this varies greatly from country to country, dependent upon water productivity. For example, the water used for agriculture is 150 liters per liter of beer in South Africa but just 55 in Peru. I’ll delve into the concept of water productivity further in a follow-up blog, as it’s central to sustainable water management.

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CSR Asia Summit – Embrace Innovation & Go Local

September 16th, 2010

Posted by Pua Mench, Future 500 Manager for Stakeholder Engagement – Asia

Day two of the CSR Asia Summit in Hong Kong saw the conference halls buzzing with activity.  My primary focus in the Asia region is water—a hot topic on many levels, and one that’s left some companies scratching their heads—so I made a beeline to the session entitled: “Water—the next carbon?” where Peter White, Director of Global Sustainability for Procter and Gamble (P&G), gave a compelling talk on the validity of this statement, and what P&G is doing about water.

The big difference between carbon and water, according to White, is that while carbon is global in scope “water is a local issue that occurs globally.” With carbon you can draw upon existing vetted methodologies to create a global carbon budget, as some organizations like World Wide Fund for Nature have done, you cannot simply add up water to create a global water budget.

P&G is taking a look at its entire water footprint, in part by using the World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s (WBCSD) Global Water Tool. P&G said that by far the largest component of their footprint is the water use attached to its products. To this end P&G is designing products that are both more efficient to manufacture and require less water for end-use, like “Ariel” and “Downy One Rinse.”

Discussion around local challenges and solutions for resource use was not limited to water. Graham Clewer, Director of Ethical Trade for the Body Shop International, made a point to emphasize local engagement during a lively session on sustainable ingredients. “If you do not manage ingredients on the local level you will have problems,“ said Clewer. “Body Shop reaches out and constantly addresses a vast network of NGOs.”

One thing that’s struck me at this conference is the innovation springing forth from companies facing ever-increasing external pressure to be sustainable. Granted CSR conferences tend to be a bit of a corporate love-in, it is inspiring to hear so many stories of lemonade being made of lemons—and P&G is far from the only one doing so. At the end of the day many are discovering it’s just plain good business sense to run cleaner, leaner and greener operations.

Graham Clewer perhaps put it best, “What we used to see as risk we now see as value.”

The business argument for sustainability is something the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) understands well. And when Adam Tomasek, director of WWF’s Heart of Borneo Initiative, addressed this topic I was very happy to (finally) hear an NGO-voice.

Tomasek described how WWF collaborated with Cargill to look at the economics of palm oil production at plantations. Their research showed that companies are able to produce sustainable palm oil at the same cost as unsustainable palm oil, minus all of the social and environmental issues attached—essentially making it “cheaper” to produce sustainable palm oil. Backed by research and a corporate partner, WWF now has the confidence to engage with companies globally.

The session moderator, who sits on the Roundtable of the Sustainable Palm Oil in Malaysia, observed that even though companies are willing to work with NGOs no “real” partnerships exist in the palm oil sector and present relationships are “weak.”  – an observation that points to a tremendous opportunity to both sides to develop meaningful and productive relationships.

Genevieve Hilton of the German chemical company BASF, reminded companies to carefully consider what is meant by “greener” when responding to external pressure. She advised the audience to not just depend on what’s visible to the consumer when assessing environmental impact, and that in the long-run it’s “better to be influenced by the latest science and not the latest trend.” Comparing the eco-impact of product x versus product y is often more complex than one would assume.

The BASF presentation also included the following: “when you talk about how green a product is you need to consider how green compared to what? What are the alternatives?” A valid point but also a sensitive topic, as one member of the audience, representing the NGO-sector, offered: “Bad is still bad, even if there is no immediate better solution.”

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Thoughts from the CSR Asia Summit

September 15th, 2010

Posted by Pua Mench, Future 500 Manager for Stakeholder Engagement – Asia

The 8th annual CSR Asia Summit kicked off Tuesday, Sept. 14 in Hong Kong, engaging 400 participants from 25 countries on an array of issues centered on “strategic solutions for sustainability.” Across Asia “CS-who?” is a common response when someone begins to raise sustainability issues to a corporate audience, so the sellout crowd here at the summit is an exciting signal of a growing profile for CSR issues.

There is a long way to go. Even in the very westernized and very wealthy Hong Kong, 86% of companies either do not know what CSR is or do not know what to do about it.  And as a fellow participant from Singapore shared with me later, that number is about the same in her country.

Mark Dickens, Head of Listing for the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKex), suggested that cultural differences are part of the problem. Dickens says that the language used by people in the West to discuss CSR issues with Asia is often perceived as patronizing. He advocated more collaborative efforts as a way forward, for example engaging in conversations and sharing ideas, such as exemplified by the model of the Equator Principles. “A process of inclusion rather than preaching process makes a lot more sense,” said Dickens.

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At a breakout session on the role of business in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Asia, UNICEF’s regional chief David Girling discussed progress in the region and business opportunities presented by the MDGs. Girling said there is untapped potential for private sector, particularly between now and 2015, as business can leverage government pressure to achieve the MDGs.

He offered a few exciting examples of business capitalizing on the MDGs—illustrating a point echoed throughout the day, “CSR is NOT about philanthropy.” For example, India’s Tata—a frontrunner on many levels, including CSR—has developed a low-cost water purifier targeted at low-income groups and rural markets, in an effort to both save the lives of millions who suffer from waterborne diseases and make a profit. The Vietnam-based International Development Enterprises (IDE) is helping to eradicate disease by providing commercial rural latrines. Girling said that innovation of this nature is a huge growth area.

Toby Ernberg, global corporate accounts manager of Vestergaard Frandsen, followed up on this idea, with examples of his company’s own ability to innovate. Vestergaard Frandsen develops products that save lives, are easy to use and long lasting. They are the leading producer of insecticide treated bed nets, the most effective known device for preventing malaria in the developing world. I was particularly impressed by Vestergaard Frandsen’s “Life Straw” product, which is aptly named as it looks exactly like a big straw, albeit much enhanced. The life straw filters up to 1,000 liters of water, removing most waterborne bacteria and parasites.

What I found particularly inspiring about Vestergaard Frandsen is that they adhere to strict CSR principles—they walk the walk, as was made obvious when Ernberg spoke with pride about the trip the entire staff took to Kenya to test the rural poor for AIDS and malaria and offer counseling, medicine and other helpful materials.

Ernberg’s last comment summed up the session nicely, and offered a powerful insight, “Most companies focus on just 10% of the population when developing products, whereas my company focuses on those 90% that need products.”

Note: For those companies wishing to learn more about the MDGs, and gain insight into their current impact/contribution, the Netherlands-based National Committee for International Cooperation and Sustainable Development has devised an online tool, the “MDG scan.” www.mdgscan.com/ 

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In the afternoon discussion turned to climate change adaptation, not an entirely uplifting topic but a critical one none-the-less.

A two-pronged conversation emerged, the urgency for action coupled with the confusion among companies over what to do.

Dr. Glen Frommer, Head of Sustainability Department for Hong Kong’s MTR corporation, had this to offer to business, as a way to manage the risks presented by climate change, “As long as companies have a transparent, robust system in place, and trust is in place, they should move forward by taking it one step at a time.” ‘Do so with urgency’ was the silent caveat.

Frommer also encouraged participants to accelerate the realization that climate change will impact rich and poor alike. “What’s happening in Pakistan [the lethal flooding] is going to happen again and again. We are one people with one goal, and not much time to get there.”

I wrapped up the day participating in a discussion on innovative solutions for sustainable value chains. The moderator kicked the discussion off with an insightful remark, “Where the value chain stops is increasingly expanding.” Indeed.  We’re seeing this in China right now, where NGOs are increasingly scrutinizing MNCs’ supply chains, and holding them accountable for suppliers to the nth-tier.

For a company like Proctor and Gamble (the first to present), which has 75,000 suppliers, this is no easy task. One way they are tackling the issue is through their “supplier sustainability board,” which launched P&G’s “supplier environmental scorecard” in May 2010. P&G asks suppliers to report on carbon emissions, wastes and other environmental and social indicators. They also encourage suppliers to bring forward their innovations and ideas, which, if successful, are recognized and rewarded.

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Polluted Costs of China’s Growth

September 13th, 2010

by Pua Mench, Manager, Stakeholder Engagement – Asia

In August China overtook Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy. Its economy has grown at an average rate of more than 9.5% annually for the past 28 years — four times the rate of first world economies — and lifting 300 million people out of poverty.

The bad news is that much of China’s economic growth has come at the cost of the environment—and perhaps nowhere is the toxic fallout of China’s growth more evident—or  threatening— than in the deterioration of its water resources.

Consider the following statistics, as reported by the Hong Kong-based Asia Water Project:  


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Consensus Emerges at Stockholm World Water Week

September 9th, 2010

Discussions at the Stockholm World Water Week continue to reveal broad consensus on many water-related issues and the immediate need to address them. This guest post from attendee EcoMundi CEO Alex McIntosh, provides valuable insights in the the thinking of thought leaders on water ….

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Reporting real time on Day 4 of World Water Week:  Stockholm, Sweden (9/9/10)

 (posted by Alex McIntosh, founder, Ecomundi Ventures)

By Day Four of the 2,500-attendee conference, a few overarching themes have begun to emerge.  First, in the majority of the watersheds across the globe, we know too little about the amount of water available, the amount extracted in aggregate for human use, or the quality of the watershed.  For this reason, in the seminar On the Road the Corporate Water Reporting, panelists from Nature Conservancy, CERES, Quantis, PepsiCo, CH2M HILL, Unilever, Borealis and other organizations all agreed that the trend towards greater water reporting transparency would continue, primarily driven by businesses’ need to obtain and manage their supply chain water resources, and in response to consumer/customer/investor stakeholder pressure. 

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Can Crisis Secure the Right to Water?

September 9th, 2010

 

What comes to mind when you think about water?

Perhaps a swim in the pool on a hot day, ice cubes in your favorite drink or the relaxation of a long, hot shower after a tough day at work.

Well what if you could have none of those things? What if water – and the necessity of its use – translated into stomach cramps …diarrhea …malnutrition …death?

For 884 million people a source of safe drinking water is unavailable, according to UNICEF, and for 2.5 billion people there is no access to clean sanitation.

Over 3 million people a year die as a result of water-borne diseases. In the time it took me to type that sentence, a child died from lack of clean water.

On July 28 the United Nations General Assembly passed a nonbinding resolution affirming access to clean water and sanitation as fundamental human rights – that means that every, single human being on the planet should be able to raise a glass without fear of getting cholera.

Make it a reality is a huge challenge.

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Water Work Progresses in Stockholm

September 8th, 2010

The working sessions of the Stockholm World Water Week are underway … Alex McIntosh takes a look at new initiatives getting off the ground.

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“Day 2 of World Water Week:  Stockholm, Sweden (9/6/10)”

 

(posted by Alex McIntosh, founder, Ecomundi Ventures)

 

 The luminaries of the water field took the podium today.  Dr. Rita Colwell of the US was recognized as the 2010 Stockholm Water Prize winner (equivalent to the Nobel Prize for water) for her groundbreaking work on cholera.  And Achim Steiner, head of the United Nations Environmental Program shared his agency’s Green Economy Initiative program focus–responding to one of the most pressing social needs today–on integrating water into the larger policy and market-based decisions made by officials at local, regional, national and global levels. 

 Connecting the dots is important, as the science is often a few steps ahead of the social debate, and bad policy today will have profound implications for the 9 billion humans projected for earth in 2040–and for the corporations that depend on reliable water resources for their operations. 

 Later in the day, the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS), a consortium of NGO’s and institutes including Nature Conservancy, WWF, and Pacific Institute, provided an update on their efforts to develop a global water certification program.  To bring this water certification program to life, the AWS is building a global non-profit through an extensive stakeholder engagement process.  The non-profit will eventually include international standards for water management, a verification process, a recognizable brand, and an independent governance body.  The scope of the voluntary water certification program will include the private sector (including agriculture), as well as water service providers.  A “launch meeting” was just held in Brussels in June, with some 200 stakeholders addressing a series of framing questions and reviewing key principles: water quality, biodiversity, and governance. 

Post-Brussels, the AWS will form a global steering committee, and facilitate the piloting of the certification program with stakeholders in each of the 7 global regions.  Coca-Cola, BASF, HOLMEN Paper and other corporations are currently participating in the regional certification pilots. 

Companies interested in learning more, or in participating in the water certification pilots should visit the AWS website at: http://www.allianceforwaterstewardship.org/

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